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57 pages 1 hour read

They Can't Kill Us Until They Kill Us

Nonfiction | Essay Collection | Adult | Published in 2017

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Introduction and Part 1Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Introduction Summary

Chicago poet and scholar Eve L. Ewing’s introduction highlights the relatability and authenticity of Hanif Abdurraqib’s writing: “He has an uncanny ability to write about music and the world around it as though he was sitting there on the couch with you in your grandma’s basement, listening to her old vinyl” (ii). Additionally, Ewing introduces one of the main focuses of the collection, “life and death—in particular, though not exclusively, […] Black life, and Black death” (iv). Ewing concludes by saying the collection gives her hope and optimism.

Part 1, Essay 1 Summary: “When Marvin Gaye sang the National Anthem at the 1983 NBA All-Star Game, he knew he was going to die soon.”

The “title” of this section begins a six-part essay focusing on the last few years of Marvin Gaye’s life and the experience of being Black in America. Below the bolded text, Abdurraqib describes the experience of converging in downtown Columbus, Ohio, for a Fourth of July fireworks display. “Born in the U.S.A.,” a Bruce Springsteen song, plays while attendees at Huntington Park cozy up to their loved ones. Abdurraqib himself attends the celebrations sometimes, in part to watch the fireworks illuminate the faces of the Black children who are “still too young to know of America’s hunt for their flesh” (5).

Part 1, Essay 2 Summary: “Chance the Rapper’s Golden Year”

Abdurraqib tracks the enduring commercial success of Chance the Rapper’s 2016 album, Coloring Book. He hypothesizes that in a year filled with political unrest, terrorism, and personal loss, the album provided Black listeners with an opportunity to celebrate and experience joy. The album is not necessarily intended for white listeners, but Chance’s joy and enthusiasm allow them to enjoy and find solace in the album as well.

Abdurraqib highlights Chance’s literary prowess—tracking his poetic lineage to the Black poet Gwendolyn Brooks—and his nuanced representation of Chicago, his hometown. Politicians and the media often stereotype the city as an extremely violent community—a perception Abdurraqib ascribes to racism. Chance’s lyrics and activism transcend this narrative, instead emphasizing the importance of community.

Part 1, Essay 3 Summary: “A Night in Bruce Springsteen’s America”

While attending a Bruce Springsteen concert in New Jersey, Abdurraqib realized that the only other Black people in the audience were employed by the venue. This leads Abdurraqib to reflect on Springsteen’s music, which often focuses on the American Dream and romanticizes hard labor; though often frustrated in their aspirations, Springsteen’s working-class heroes display an underlying confidence that they will struggle through and survive. Abdurraqib considers the murder of Black teenager Michael Brown, which took place shortly before Abdurraqib attended the Springsteen concert, noticing the contradiction between listening to Springsteen sing about “the promise of living” while knowing another young Black life has been taken (21).

Part 1, Essay 4 Summary: “Carly Rae Jepsen Loves You Back”

Abdurraqib attends a sold-out Carly Rae Jepsen show and is amazed at how diverse the crowd is and how intimate the performance feels: “[A]nything is possible. Even in a city that makes you feel small, there is someone waiting to fall in love with you” (23). He explores how Jepsen clearly loves to make music and discusses her evident enthusiasm when performing her songs. He additionally considers “how often there is shame attached to loving anyone publicly” (26), noting the widespread distaste for public displays of affection. However, at Jepsen’s concert, couples kiss and embrace openly.

Part 1, Essay 5 Summary: “The Night Prince Walked on Water”

Following Prince’s death in 2016, Abdurraqib reflects on Prince’s Super Bowl XLI performance, arguing that it was more influential and memorable than the actual football game. It rained during the performance, but Prince seemed untouched by the weather, covering other artists’ songs in ways that surpassed the originals and closing with “Purple Rain.” Though Prince seemed immortal at the time, Abdurraqib figuratively lays him to rest by assuring him that “[t]his is the one we know all the words to” and that he can therefore leave the stage (29).

Part 1, Essay 6 Summary: “ScHoolboy Q Wants White People to Say the Word”

The rapper ScHoolboy Q wants white people at his concerts to say the n-word because “if they paid for a show and put food on [his] family’s table, [he’s] not going to be up there saying the word alone” (31). Abdurraqib wonders how this will work, remembering a time in college when a bunch of his white friends said the n-word while singing along to Biggie Small’s song “N****s Bleed.” He notices that white people seem to enjoy rap that uses the n-word.

Part 1, Essay 7 Summary: “The Weeknd and the Future of Loveless Sex”

Abdurraqib describes attending one of The Weeknd’s concerts, noting the sex-saturated environment: a pornographic film played behind The Weeknd on stage, people handed out condoms, and The Weeknd walked onto the stage announcing his intention to make the audience orgasm. Despite this, everyone in the crowd maintained their personal space. Abdurraqib was attending the concert because a former lover encouraged him to see The Weeknd live, but he was ultimately unimpressed, “jealous” of how The Weeknd’s songs make loveless sex seem so simple and uncomplicated. The final song, he notes, contained a plea for someone to tell the singer they love him.

Introduction and Part 1 Analysis

Abdurraqib largely maintains a narrative distance in this section, embodying the role of a music critic. While he does not shy away from sharing personal details, the focus is on the musicians instead of on Abdurraqib. Ultimately, this decision emphasizes the theme of Enthusiasm, Joy, and Community in Music. By removing himself as a central character, Abdurraqib focuses on the emotions that live music elicits, setting the stage for further exploration of live music as a safe space for marginalized groups of people.

By contrast, the musician who is ostensibly the subject of the six-part introductory essay—Marvin Gaye—appears only in the (incomplete) first sentence. The shift to the firework display in Columbus coincides with a shift to the second-person singular pronoun “you,” which asks the reader to participate in the narrative. This indicates that the text is not simply a collection of music criticism; it demands the reader’s engagement with the world. Abdurraqib wants the reader to be a character in the text alongside him, demanding that they participate in difficult moments—a choice that embodies the theme of Public Versus Private Grief. In this case, the discomfort Abdurraqib asks the reader to experience concerns the thread that ties together the statement about Marvin Gaye and the description of the Fourth of July: the extent to which Black people are included in (or excluded from) American identity, here represented by patriotic symbols including the national anthem and fireworks. The latter will be a recurring motif, often highlighting the disjuncture between America’s narrative about itself and Black people’s experience of its reality.

The epigraph for this section is from the Weeknd and addresses a similar concern: “I can’t afford love” (3). This idea of being able to afford something plays out in several essays. In “A Night in Bruce Springsteen’s America,” Abdurraqib reflects that the album’s optimism regarding living a lengthy life is “not afforded to everyone” (20)—e.g., Black teenagers like Mike Brown who fall victim to police murder. Additionally, he notes that the workers at the concert are the only other Black people in attendance, reminding readers that the American Dream’s promise of wealth and success is not available to everyone. More abstractly, Abdurraqib suggests that the romanticization of the working classes present in many of Springsteen’s songs betrays a kind of white privilege. “ScHoolboy Q Wants White People to Say the Word” also explores the concept of “affording,” explaining that ScHoolboy Q believes that if someone can afford a ticket to his concert—thus supporting him financially—they can “afford” to say the n-word. Abdurraqib does not share this view, suggesting that white people who say the n-word co-opt the Black experience, often with racist motivations. The idea that someone could use their financial privilege to buy access to the word adds another layer of discomfort; such people are not truly in community with Black Americans, Abdurraqib suggests.

An alternative vision of community across racial lines appears in Abdurraqib’s discussion of the church community, which he mentions frequently in this section. He writes, “We curse in my church […] My church is Black, yes, but you might be able to get in if you can stay on beat long enough” (15). The pronoun “you” returns, now paired with the first-person plural pronoun “we.” The reader is now invited to enter into a community—Abdurraqib’s community—and become a part of it.

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