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42 pages 1 hour read

The Subtle Knife

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 1997

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Chapters 5-8Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 5 Summary: “Airmail Paper”

Will and Lyra meet back up in the evening and sit together on a bench thinking about everything they have learned. They begin to argue when Lyra lies to a policeman and pretends they are siblings who have lost their parents. He thinks she is being too conspicuous. She thinks he is assuming he will not be noticed and is unaware of the danger around him. She asks about his father and reveals that the altheiometer told her some things about Will. Although he is angry that she has used it on him, he realizes that his only choice is to trust her; they both found each other at the exact right moment and there is probably a reason they are together. Tired and hungry, they go to the cinema to eat hot dogs, watch two movies, and wait for darkness so they can slip back through the window to the other world without being noticed.

When they arrive in Cittàgazze, they find a group of children with stones and sticks, torturing the cat that Will had first seen pass through. They seem terrified of the creature, and Will is able to grab it and push past them. Pantalaimon transforms into a leopard and scares the children away. Lyra notices that they are being watched by a young adult high in a tower.

Will and Lyra return to the apartment where they slept the night before. Will finds his mother’s papers, which he hid under the bed. He reads the first few letters and realizes that many years earlier his father had been seeking a similar “window” into another world in the Arctic. The window was legendary among Indigenous people in the area, and John Parry suspected that it could explain many mysterious disappearances and shamanic journeys. In the last letter, John describes finding the window and its exact coordinates. Will feels close to John like he never has before; although they have not met since he was a baby, he feels convinced that his father is alive and that someday they will talk about finding similar “windows” to different places.

Chapter 6 Summary: “Lighted Fliers”

Lee Scoresby arrives in Yenisei, where Stanislaus Grumman was last spotted. He visits a local bar to gather information, saying Grumman owes him money. Several locals have seen him and describe him as a shaman with an osprey daemon. They say he joined a local tribe and goes by the name of Jopari.

Finding no one to guide him to Grumman, Scoresby travels to a local observatory to see if any of the scientists know him. There he meets five men from around the world, all of whom have conflicting stories about Grumman. He asks them about Dust, which ignites the suspicion of one of the men, an agent of the Magisterium. As Scoresby leaves the observatory, the man’s owl daemon attacks his rabbit Hester, and he is forced to kill the man. Scoresby steals an official church ring from the man’s finger, knowing it may help him later. He flees the observatory and ventures deeper into the arctic, still unsure about Grumman’s location.

Meanwhile, Serafina and the witches travel to world where the Specters have begun to suck the life out of all adults. They fly high above the landscape, knowing they cannot land without being attacked. They see a small band of travelers on a road and watch in horror as the group are engulfed in Specters. The children cry as their parents become blank, soulless shells. The witches descend and discover that two of the adults escaped on horseback; all parties are required to have two adult riders so children will not be left alone when the Specters find them. The horseback riders tell the witches how the Specters entered the world: A group of learned men in a tower in Cittàgazze created a weapon that could cut holes to different worlds. They wielded it too freely, and the Specters entered from some unknown place. Now, their world is almost completely destroyed.

As they talk, the witches and riders see a faint group of gold beings flying high above them. The riders describe them as angels, and say they often see them moving with purpose across the sky. Rita Skadi decides to follow them, hoping they are on their way to meet Lord Asriel. She eventually catches up and finds a group of gigantic naked human-looking forms, although she can tell they are not really humans. They guide her toward a large golden fortress buzzing with activity and tell her that Lord Asriel is inside.

Chapter 7 Summary: “The Rolls-Royce”

Lyra wakes up early and takes a walk in Cittàgazze. The city seems idyllic with children playing in the water and the sun shining. She is anxious to get back to Oxford, though, and decides to go alone before Will wakes up. She hurries through the window and finds Dr. Malone’s lab but is met by two people claiming to be police officers. They have already spoken to Dr. Malone. They know Lyra’s name, and they ask her questions about where she is staying and why she is interested in Dr. Malone’s work. Suddenly, they ask if she knows Will and without thinking, she says yes. She immediately realizes her mistake, remembering that Will is likely wanted for murder. She runs from the lab with no regard for traffic or people, trying to get back to the window before the police catch her.

Just as she thinks she is about to be cornered, a Rolls Royce pulls up. Inside is Charles, the old man who had been watching her at the museum a few days earlier. He gives her a friendly greeting and offers her a ride, which she gratefully accepts. Charles asks about Lyra’s interest in Dark Matter and the museum skulls while they travel to Summertown, a short distance from the window.

Back in Cittàgazze, Lyra wants to ask the altheiometer about the man, and realizes he has stolen it. She runs to Will in tears, apologizing for abandoning him and causing multiple problems while in Oxford. They agree that their only option is to go to Charles’s house (he gave Lyra a business card at the museum) and ask him to return her device. Charles greets them pleasantly. However, he makes it clear that he will not return the altheiometer and that they have no way to prove that it belonged to Lyra, or that she hadn’t stolen it herself. He agrees to make a deal; there is a knife that is kept in a tower in Cittàgazze, but he cannot access it because he is an adult. If Will and Lyra can bring him the knife, he will exchange it for the alethiometer.

Chapter 8 Summary: “The Tower of Angels”

Charles tells Lyra and Will that the knife is in the possession of an old man in the Torre degli Angeli, the mysterious tower in Cittàgazze with angels on the base where Lyra thought she saw an adult through a window. Charles can’t follow them because of Specters. They have his driver take them directly to the window and head straight for the tower. They enter without trouble.

Inside, they find a young man who appears to be dancing. He is making strange movements and seems to be unaware of their presence. He has the knife in his hands and appears to be trying to use it to cut through something they can’t see. They know the man to be Paolo and Angelica’s older brother, Tullio, due to his looks and the children’s reticence to speak about him when they first met.

Moving further into the tower, they find an old man named Giacomo Paradisi, who Tullio has attacked to steal the knife. Will and Lyra realize they must fight Tullio for the knife, and in the struggle Will loses two fingers. Tullio escapes but is quickly enveloped by Specters once he no longer holds the knife, which the creatures are afraid of.

Paradisi shows Will his own hands, which are missing the same two digits, and explains that this marks Will as the knife bearer. He teaches Will that the knife will cut through anything, including the barriers between worlds. He also instructs him to always close the windows back up so nothing gets through that shouldn’t. As Will and Lyra leave, he tells them that they should not trust Charles, and that under no circumstances should Charles get the knife.

Chapters 5-8 Analysis

In these chapters, the action rises across all storylines. Lee travels to the Yenisei and Will and Lyra’s relationship develops. After a busy day of following clues across the city, the two butt heads about their very different approaches to their task. Lyra finds Will to be too passive. He prides himself on blending in everywhere he goes, but he is now a wanted murderer with people looking for him. Will thinks Lyra’s brash personality is too conspicuous and that she is taking too many risks. Their argument establishes Lyra and Will’s very different personalities, but it also helps them realize they need to stick together.

This section also establishes Will’s cat-like qualities. The Subtle Knife lays the groundwork for Will to eventually receive a daemon, the cat who he follows through the window and saves from the Cittàgazze children. Saving the cat—as well as being protective of his cat at home—also establish him as a sympathetic and protective character.

Cittàgazze becomes a more fully formed setting in these chapters. Like both Oxfords, the city was an academic stronghold prior to the Specters’ takeover. Three hundred years prior to the events of the book, the city was wealthy from a long history of banking and trading. The men of Cittàgazze established the Guild of the Torre degli Angeli, which created the subtle knife, also known as Æsahættr, a name created from the Old Norse words for “god” and “danger.” They used the knife to cut between worlds with abandon, letting more and more Specters pass into their world from an unknown source. When Will and Lyra arrive, Lord Asriel’s experiment has caused an explosion in the Specter population and thrown the world into chaos. The Guild is reduced to one man in the tower guarding the knife, which the Specters fear as it is the only thing that can kill them.

Cittàgazze is described as a seaside city, and the architecture and layout suggest a real-world equivalent of a Mediterranean or Spanish colonial port. With the ever- present threat of Specters halting most of the world’s infrastructure, the Guild fell from an elite group of intellectual businessmen to a band of thieves, cutting into other worlds to take whatever they could steal. The true origins of the Specters is not revealed in The Subtle Knife, but they function like an invasive species. As more and more Specters pass into the landscape, the natural order of the world crumbles.

The climax of this chapter group involves Will fighting a local teenager, surrounded by hungry Specters, for the knife. Losing two fingers in the struggle marks him as the knife bearer, the only person who can learn the rules of the subtle knife and use it to fulfill its destiny. This type of magical weapon reflects an ancient literary trope exemplified by King Arthur’s sword in the stone, Thor’s Mjolnir, and Odysseus’s bow. King Arthur is the only one who can pull the sword Excalibur from the stone, marking him as special. In the film Thor, the titular character finds himself unable to lift his hammer, the Mjolnir, and is only able to lift it again after proving himself. Odysseus of the Homeric epic The Odyssey is the only man able to string his bow. Likewise, Will’s becoming the knife bearer marks him as special and worthy.

Becoming the knife bearer is part of Will’s Coming of Age. In a coming-of-age story, a character leaves behind childhood and immaturity and gains insight and responsibility. Will was never particularly immature, as he cared for his mother. However, in becoming the knife bearer, Will is not just responsible for one person, but for the greater good.

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