81 pages • 2 hours read
A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Elizabeth and Margaret walk to school together on their first day of sixth grade. Margaret has a new dress but is unhappy with her plain brown shoes, while Elizabeth looks beautiful in a blue dress and coveted brown and white saddle shoes. Their friends Polly, Judy, and Linda join them, and the girls discuss their new teacher, Mrs. Wagner, who is infamous for her strict discipline and heavy loads of homework.
As the girls approach the school, Gordy frightens Margaret by acting deranged and saying the “crazy” man is coming for her. Elizabeth shoves Gordy, but he grabs her hands and pretends she is grabbing him. Elizabeth declares her hatred for Gordy.
Mrs. Wagner lives up to her reputation. She unsmilingly announces that she sees everything, cannot be fooled, and cannot abide “tale-telling.” She calls out those she suspects may violate her rules: Elizabeth, Gordy, Polly, and a stuck-up trio of girls. After school, Elizabeth mockingly mimics Mrs. Wagner. Margaret laughs but privately vows to stay out of trouble and keep her mouth shut about anything she sees.
On the way to school again, Elizabeth and Margaret see Gordy looking especially unpleasant. Margaret suggests walking a different way, but Elizabeth calls her a “scaredy-cat.” Blocking their path, Gordy threatens that the “crazy” man is coming for them. Margaret is scared but notices that Gordy has a painful-looking black eye. Elizabeth mocks Gordy, who seizes her bookbag, rips up her homework, and tosses her school supplies everywhere. Margaret calls for help. Classmates and crossing guards Bruce and Frankie tell Gordy to stop. Gordy dares them to tell Mrs. Wagner.
Elizabeth is furious and close to tears, but the boys, fearing both Gordy and Mrs. Wagner, refuse to tell tales. Margaret also will not “tattle.” Elizabeth changes her rhyme to “step on a crack, break Gordy’s back!” (50) Margaret joins her, but when Elizabeth vengefully makes plans to tear down the boys’ hut while they are at football practice, Margaret refuses. Elizabeth calls Margaret a coward and says they are not friends. Ashamed of her fear, Margaret agrees to help Elizabeth.
Margaret does not want to help Elizabeth destroy the boys’ hut: She would rather stay home and listen to her favorite radio show or even do some chores for her mother. She and Elizabeth cross the tracks and creep through the woods with Elizabeth pretending that they are soldiers and the hut a “Nazi outpost.” Margaret is terrified.
The hut is empty. Elizabeth suggests they vandalize it by writing swear words on the walls since it is too solid to tear down. While Margaret acts as lookout, Elizabeth enters and discovers signs that someone has been living there: books, magazines, defaced pinup girl posters, cans of food, blankets, and a big knife like the “crazy” man is rumored to possess. Yelling, Elizabeth trashes the hut, shattering the windows, ripping up the magazines, and slashing the posters. Excited by Elizabeth’s enthusiasm, Margaret joins in the destruction. She feels as brave and strong as Elizabeth. The girls leave, flushed with victory, until they both see a man hidden in the bushes. Terrified, they run home.
For the first time, Elizabeth is scared. Margaret believes that the man will kill them in the night since Jimmy is not there to protect her. Before Elizabeth leaves, she warns Margaret not to tell her mother anything.
Margaret’s teary face signals to Mother that something bad has happened. Mother suspects that Elizabeth hurt Margaret’s feelings or that they had a fight. Margaret admits to herself that Mother is usually right about Elizabeth, but she isn’t this time. Mother tells Margaret not to let Elizabeth bully her—there are lots of other nice girls to befriend who aren’t “smart alecks”—which angers Margaret.
Elizabeth tells Margaret that her father, a policeman, laughed at the idea of a man in the bushes but said that there are occasionally vagrants in the woods. Margaret believes the man is lurking outside her home, however. She cannot sleep for fear and is ashamed of her part in destroying the hut. Mother shares a family trick to confuse bogeymen—turning one of Margaret’s shoes the opposite direction—in the hopes it will allow Margaret to sleep. Mother says this even worked for Jimmy, who was more scared of the dark than Margaret.
Elizabeth worries more about Gordy’s retribution than the strange man. Gordy catches the girls alone one day and grabs Elizabeth, who denies breaking up the hut; he pulls her hair and threatens to kill them if they mention the man to anyone. Barbara’s appearance saves them.
Months later, the girls follow Gordy and Doug again when they enter the woods. Elizabeth suggests that the man is a Nazi spy and that Gordy is sharing military secrets. The girls see the man talking quietly with Gordy and Doug: He is unkempt, sad-faced, and looks even younger than Jimmy. Elizabeth realizes that the man is Gordy’s brother Stuart, a deserter. Both she and Margaret are outraged that Stuart gets to stay home while their own brothers fight. Margaret wants to tell her father, but Elizabeth makes her promise to wait until they have had their revenge on Gordy.
Margaret remembers how the other older boys used to tease Stuart, whom Jimmy stood up for, calling him “the little poet” (72). Margaret thinks Jimmy would not want her to turn Stuart in, and she imagines how she would feel if it were Jimmy in Stuart’s place.
The stigma of cowardice and the cultural prohibition on tattling are central ideas in this group of chapters. Readers gain additional insight into the characters of Gordy and Elizabeth and learn more about the tempestuous nature of Elizabeth and Margaret’s friendship. Hahn also introduces the character of Stuart, who elicits Margaret’s sense of empathy and makes her begin to question her simplistic moral view of the war.
Elizabeth is Margaret’s best friend largely because of proximity: She lives next door. Mother recognizes that Elizabeth dominates the girls’ friendship—to Margaret’s detriment—and refers to her as a “smart aleck.” Readers infer that the two girls fight often, as Margaret frequently comes home in tears. Mrs. Wagner also mistrusts Elizabeth, calling her out specifically as a student she will keep an extra eye on.
For her part, Margaret admits she has a “cowardly heart.” She believed in monsters under the bed as a little girl and has always relied on Jimmy for protection. At the same time, her lack of backbone embarrasses her. Margaret feels inferior to Elizabeth and her superhero-like bravado. This dynamic of inequality influences their friendship. Elizabeth browbeats, guilts, and shames Margaret into following her schemes. When Margaret does stand up for herself by refusing to help tear down Gordy’s hut, Elizabeth calls Margaret “Baby Magpie” and threatens to discard their friendship. In using Gordy’s nickname for Margaret, Elizabeth displays the same bullying, demeaning behavior that she hates in Gordy.
Margaret fears being called out as a coward in public, worrying what people will think of her when Elizabeth calls her “a yellow coward sissy baby” (51). Cowardice strikes many as weakness at a time when society celebrates—and expects—bravery from all Americans. Margaret also fears losing Elizabeth’s friendship and the power it confers. Margaret basks in the reflected glory of Elizabeth’s bravado; when she helps smash up the hut, she feels as powerful as Elizabeth, though later she admits she is ashamed of her actions.
Closely related to the stigma attached to cowardice is characters’ reluctance to “tell on” others; reporting misbehavior to an authority figure implies an inability to cope with the problem oneself. It also carries connotations of disloyalty. Characters therefore pressure each other, often under threat of violence, not to tell tales. Mrs. Wagner wants no tattling in her class. Boys like Bruce and Frankie fear her—and Gordy—so much that they will not turn Gordy in for his egregious act against Elizabeth. Informing on one another or telling secrets could cause negative personal consequences. Elizabeth and Margaret would get in trouble for breaking their parents’ rules; Bruce and Frankie would face Gordy’s wrath. Keeping secrets is an important motif informing the novel’s theme of moral ambiguity.
Violence and mild sexual tension continue to characterize Elizabeth and Gordy’s “enemy” relationship in this section. Elizabeth makes no effort to avoid Gordy and often actually provokes him. Gordy jokes that Elizabeth is “throwing herself at [him] again” (42). Both characters are aggressive and physical with each other: Gordy grabs, pushes, and hurts Elizabeth. His quick use of violence suggests he experiences violence in his home. His unexplained black eye and his father’s violent reputation also foreshadow this future revelation. Elizabeth in turn fights Gordy, and her mother spanks her when she is late: Elizbeth, too, comes from a culture where hitting is acceptable.
Gordy is an outlet for Elizabeth’s need to fight and prove herself as brave as a boy. Margaret observes that their battle with Gordy has “given Elizabeth a real enemy” besides timid Margaret (59). Elizabeth sees situations in black and white: Gordy is evil, and she has no empathy for him. Stuart, similarly, is simply a “sissy.” Margaret, however, is less certain. She echoes Elizabeth’s disgust at Stuart’s cowardice and knows that what Gordy and Stuart are doing is “against the law” (70), but she also recognizes that her idol, Jimmy, would protect Stuart. Margaret begins to see that the situation is more complex than she thought and starts to question her understanding of the war.
Plus, gain access to 8,800+ more expert-written Study Guides.
Including features:
By Mary Downing Hahn
Friendship
View Collection
Good & Evil
View Collection
Juvenile Literature
View Collection
Memorial Day Reads
View Collection
Military Reads
View Collection
Realistic Fiction (High School)
View Collection
War
View Collection
World War II
View Collection
YA & Middle-Grade Books on Bullying
View Collection